肉鸡热休克蛋白70 mRNA荧光定量PCR方法的建立和优化

对适应性饲养到30日龄时的60只肉鸡进行热应激处理,通过热休克蛋白70(heatshockprotein70,HSP70)mRNA荧光定量PCR(fluorescencequantitativePCR,FQ-PCR)方法检测热应激处理肉鸡组织中HSP70mRNA含量。虽然受试鸡肝脏和心脏的HSP70mRNA水平在热应激6h时略低于对照组(P>0.05),但随持续性高温应激时间的延长,HSP70mRNA水平逐渐升高,热应激18h时应激肉鸡肝脏和心脏HSP70mRNA水平达最高水平,明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。实验选用3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶基因(GAPDH)作为内参照,体外转录的RNA和阳性质粒作为两种标准品。结果显示,实验所建立和优化的FQ-PCR反应体系是理想的。     

微射流均质预处理提高大豆分离蛋白酶解效率及酶解产物乳化性能

为了探讨微射流均质预处理对大豆分离蛋白酶解效率及酶解产物乳化性能的影响,该文研究比较了微射流均质预处理前后大豆分离蛋白酶解产物的理化性质(水解度、亚基组成、蛋白溶解性、表面疏水性和分子量分布)和乳化性能(通过测定分析样品乳状液的平均粒径和微观结构评估样品的乳化性能)的变化。研究表明:大豆分离蛋白经过微射流均质预处理后采用木瓜蛋白酶水解,其酶解产物(水解度为1.7%)与对照大豆分离蛋白和未经预处理的酶解产物相比,在较低浓度下(30 g/L)制备出粒径细小的稳定乳状液(体积平均粒径≈1.6μm)。微射流均质预处理提高了大豆分离蛋白中α-7S和A-11S亚基的酶解敏感性,使酶解产物在水解度1.3%~1.7%范围内蛋白溶解性显著增加(P0.05),同时保持较高的表面疏水性值,与未经预处理的酶解产物相比形成了更多具有界面活性的可溶性多肽(分子量主要分布在11.3 k Da左右),在乳化过程中可有效防止乳液滴间发生桥联絮凝。因此微射流均质预处理是一种辅助提高大豆蛋白酶解效率和酶解产物乳化性能行之有效的方法。研究结果可为大豆蛋白深加工蛋白乳化剂提供理论和方法参考。     

银杏枝条营养贮藏蛋白质的免疫细胞化学鉴定

依据银杏枝条中32和36 ku蛋白质含量的明显季节变化,推测它们是银杏的营养贮藏蛋白质.采用间接免疫组织细胞化学定位技术,对这2种蛋白质进行细胞化学定位.32和36 ku蛋白质具有一定的免疫相关性,它们分布在一些皮层薄壁细胞和韧皮部的韧皮薄壁细胞中,存在于这些细胞的小液泡里.研究结果揭示这2种蛋白质的组织分布式样,为这2种蛋白质是银杏的营养贮藏蛋白质提供有力证据.     

Variation in the Ratio of Oat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Avena</Emphasis>) Protein Fractions of Interest in Coeliac Grain Diets

The previously found wide range in the ratios of avenin or methanol-precipitated fractions to residual proteins was revisited by studying 75 oat varieties, mainly representing landraces from Finland, and included old varieties or selections, cv. Kytö, synthetic hexaploid oats and an Avena strigosa line (HA 71–87). The means of the fraction ratios ranged from 4.17 to 6.46 with significant differences. Samples of 10 narrow-ratio and 10 wide-ratio oats were compared more closely. The wide-ratio sample had significantly higher total protein content and significantly lower content of the methanol-precipitated protein fraction. Therefore, both fractions in general appear to contribute to the ratio of the protein fractions. The wide-ratio sample had significantly lower grain mass and husk-free karyopsis mass. Samples of the extreme ends in the ratios of the protein fractions showed different electrophoretic protein patterns, which was also seen in samples representing the same population of origin. It is evident that polymorphisms in the protein fractions would allow breeding of oat cultivars showing further lowering of proteins putatively toxic to coeliacs assuming oats contain these toxic proteins.     

Genetic variability evaluation in a Moroccan collection of barley, Hordeum vulgare L., by means of storage proteins and RAPDs

The genetic variation existing in a set of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landrace samples recently collected in Morocco was estimated. Two kinds of genetic markers, seed storage proteins (hordeins) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), were used. Only six out of 31 landraces were subjected to RAPD analysis. Both kinds of markers, RAPD and storage proteins, yielded similar results, showing that the level of variation observed in Moroccan barley was high: all landraces showed variability; 808 different storage protein patterns (multilocus associations) were observed among 1897 individuals (2.32 seeds per association, on average) with an average of 43 multilocus associations per accession. In general, genetic variation within accessions was higher than between accessions. The 100 polymorphic RAPD bands generated by 21 effective primers were able to generate enough patterns to differentiate between uniform cultivars and even between individuals in variable accessions. One of the aims of this work was to compare the effectiveness of RAPD versus storage protein techniques in assessing the variability of genetic resource collections. On average hordeins were more polymorphic than RAPDs: they showed more alternatives per band on gels and a higher percentage of polymorphic bands, although RAPDs supply a higher number of bands. Although RAPD is an easy and standard technique, storage protein analysis is technically easier, cheaper and needs less sophisticated equipment. Thus, when resources are a limiting factor and considering the cost of consumables and work time, seed storage proteins must be the technique of choice for a first estimation of genetic variation in plant genetic resource collections.     

Phylogenetic relationships of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (pigeonpea) and its wild relatives based on seed protein profiles

Total seed storage protein of 9 accessions of cultivated C. cajan and 10 wild Cajanus species was reported and compared by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A considerable variation was detected among the protein profiles of different accessions of C. cajan while those of wild species were very specific and distinctly different from each other. Relative similarities between various taxa were estimated by Jaccard's similarity index and cluster analysis was performed to produce a UPGMA dendrogram. The clustering of 10 wild species and C. cajan more or less agrees with their sectional classification and available data based on morphological characteristics, crossability, genome pairing in hybrids and nuclear RFLPs. The species closest to C. cajan is C. cajanifolia although the accessions of C. cajan also share some bands present in the profiles of C. scarabaeoides, C. goensis, C. lineatus, C. acutifolius and C. volubilis. This points towards polyphyletic origin of the cultigen which has been discussed in this paper.     

大豆水溶性蛋白测定方法探讨

对大豆水溶性蛋白测定方法进行探讨,对大豆水溶性蛋白影响因素进行分析,同时,对提取条件进行优化。实验结果表明,温度的影响最为显著（P〈0.05）,所得最优提取完全的条件为：温度35℃,每次加100 mL水,提取2次,每次提取时间为60 min。通过研究后获得的试验条件在操作上较灵活,所提取的水溶蛋白具有更稳定、彻底和准确度高等特点。     

杏仁蛋白质的提取及功能特性研究进展

杏仁蛋白是一种理想的植物蛋白,概述了目前杏仁蛋白质的提取方法,综述了国内外蛋白质功能特性的研究。     

甘肃黑白花奶牛α－乳清蛋白及β－乳球蛋白多态性与产奶量相关性研究

在分析甘肃黑白花奶牛α－乳清蛋白及β－乳球蛋白遗传多态性的基础上，作者对这两个基因座与产奶量的相关性及其互作效应作了研究。发现这两个基因座对产奶量无显著影响及明显的互作效应，结合国外对β－乳球蛋白多态性与乳加工特性及乳品质相关性研究的结论，作者认为在甘肃黑白花奶牛进一步的选育中，应适当或尽可能地提高β－ＬｇＢＢ型个体的比例。     

低浓度Zn对幼龄鲫鱼肝脏组织应激蛋白HSP70诱导的影响

选择鲫鱼(Carassiusauratus)作为受试生物,经过40dZn2+不同浓度的暴露后,运用SDS-PAGE和WesternBlot-ting方法检测了鱼肝脏组织内应激蛋白HSP70的诱导表达情况。结果表明,在各试验浓度下,与对照组相比,Zn2+对鱼肝脏内HSP70有显著的诱导(P<0.05)。试验中还发现,在试验浓度低于国家渔业用水标准时,HSP70相对于对照组仍然表现为明显诱导(P<0.05),充分说明分子生物学指标要比传统的环境检测指标敏感,对污染物早期具有预警的作用。